Calculation formula of turning
    1. Processing time T [sec]
    【Outer diameter】 Constant speed Tc
    Tc
    =
    60 x L
    f x n
    【Outer diameter】 Constant cutting speed T1
    T1
    =
    60 x π x L x Dm
    1,000 x f x vc
    【End face】 Constant speed Tc
    Tc
    =
    60 x （D1-D2） x N
    2 x f x n
    【End face】 Constant cutting speed T1
    T1
    =
    60 x π x（D1+D2） x（D1-D2） x N
    4，000 x f x vc
    【Grooving】 Constant speed Tc
    Tc
    =
    60 x （D1-D2）
    2 x f x n
    【Grooving】 Constant cutting speed T1
    T1
    =
    60 x π x（D1+D2） x（D1-D2）
    4，000 x f x vc
    【Cut off the】 Constant speed Tc
    Tc
    =
    60 x D1
    2 x f x n
    【Cut off the】 Constant cutting speed T1
    T1
    =
    60 x π x（D1+D3） x（D1-D3）
    4，000 x f x vc
    【Cut off the】Constant cutting speed：Maximum speed
    T2
    =
    T1
    +
    60 x D3
    2 x f x nmax
  • fFeed rate[mm/rev]
  • nSpindle speed[min-1]
  • LProcessing length[mm]
  • DmProcessing diameter[mm]
  • D1Maximum processing diameter[mm]
  • D2Min processing diameter[mm]
  • D3Maximum speed time diameter[mm]
  • nmaxMaximum spindle speed[min-1]
    2. Required power Pc [kW]
    Pc
    =
    vc x f x ap x kc
    60 x 1,000 x (Ƞ ÷100)
  • PcRequired power[kW]
  • vcCutting speed[m/min]
  • fFeed rate[mm/rev]
  • apCut deep[mm]
  • KcSpecific cutting resistance[MPa]
  • ȠMechanical power[%]（70~85）
    3. Cutting speed VC [m/min]
    vc
    =
    π x Dm x n
    1,000
    4. Spindle speed n [min-1]
    n
    =
    vc x 1,000
    π x Dm
    5. Feed rate f [mm/rev]
    f
    =
    I x π x Dm
    vc x 1,000
    =
    I
    n
    6. Theoretical surface roughness h [μm]
    h
    =
    f2 x 1,000
    8 x RE
    7. Horsepower required H [HP]
    H
    =
    Pc
    0.75
    8. Chip discharge Q [cm3/min]
    Q
    =
    vc x f x ap
    9. Cutting resistance P [kN]
    P
    =
    Kc x f x ap
    1,000
    Specific cutting resistance Kc Approximate value
    P
    Non-alloy steel1,500 MPa
    Low-alloy steel2,000 MPa
    High alloy steel3,000 MPa
    M
    Austenite system2,000 MPa
    Ferritic system2,500 MPa
    K
    Malleable cast iron900 MPa
    Gray cast iron1,200 MPa
    Nodular cast iron1,500 MPa
    N
    Aluminum alloy500 MPa
    Copper alloy900 MPa
    S
    Ti base1,400 MPa
    Fe base2,500 MPa
    Ni base2,800 MPa
    Co base3,000 MPa
    H
    High hardness steel 50-55HRC 3,300 MPa
    High hardness steel 60-63HRC 4,500 MPa
    High hardness cast iron3,500 MPa
    • vcCutting speed[m/min]
    • nSpindle speed[min-1]
    • DmProcessing diameter[mm]
    • fFeed rate[mm/rev]
    • IProcessing length per minute[mm]
    • hTheoretical surface roughness[μm]
    • RETool nose radius[mm]
    • HHorsepower required[HP]
    • PcRequired power[kW]
    • QChip discharge[cm3/min]
    • apCut deep[mm]
    • PCutting resistance[kN]
    • KcSpecific cutting resistance[MPa]
    • ※ π ≒ 3.14
      • FcPrincipal force
      FfFeed force
      FpBack force